quality Ultrasonic Metal Welding & Ultrasonic Spray Coating Machine factory

Optical thin film is a special material that has special optical properties by coating one or more layers of metal or dielectric on the surface of optical components. This coating technology is widely used in various fields such as optical instruments, photography equipment, displays, etc. to improve the performance and stability of optical components. The main function of optical thin films is to meet different optical requirements, such as reducing light reflection, enhancing light transmission, beam splitting, color separation, filtering, polarization, etc. By coating, we can control the behavior of light on the surface of optical components, thereby achieving more precise and effective optical control. The manufacturing of optical thin films requires a high degree of technology and precision processes. In order to achieve the best optical effect, it is necessary to select appropriate materials, thickness, coating method and other parameters, and carry out precise process control. In addition, a series of quality inspections and performance tests are required after coating to ensure the quality and reliability of the optical film. Optical thin films play an increasingly important role in modern optical technology. With the continuous advancement of technology and the expansion of application fields, the application prospects of optical thin films will become even broader. In the future, with the continuous development and improvement of optical thin film technology, we are expected to see more advanced and efficient optical components and equipment, bringing more convenience and surprises to our lives and work. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques are commonly used in the manufacturing of ultrasonic optical thin film coatings. These technologies can form a thin and hard coating on the optical surface, which is much harder than ordinary glass. Ultrasonic optical thin film coatings also have good transparency and light transmission properties, ensuring that light passes smoothly through the coating surface without scattering or absorption. In addition to high hardness and good transparency, ultrasonic optical thin film coatings also have excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance. It can maintain stable performance under various harsh environmental conditions, thereby extending the service life of optical instruments. This coating also has good adhesion and durability, and will not easily peel off or be worn. In practical applications, ultrasonic optical thin film coatings can be applied in various fields, such as glasses, camera lenses, smartphone screens, solar panels, etc. It can significantly improve the performance and durability of these optical devices, making them more reliable, durable, and long-lasting. Ultrasonic optical thin film coating is a very important high-tech material with broad application prospects in fields such as optical instruments and optoelectronic devices. With the continuous development of technology, it is believed that this coating material will be applied in more fields, bringing a better future to human production and life. https://www.ultrasonic-metalwelding.com/sale-52164448-ultrasonic-atomization-coating-for-automotive-manufacturing-coatings.html

The membrane electrode is the core component of fuel cells, which integrates the transport and electrochemical reactions of heterogeneous materials, directly determining the performance, lifespan, and cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The membrane electrode and the bipolar plates on both sides together form a single fuel cell, and the combination of multiple single cells can form a fuel cell stack to meet various power output requirements. The design and optimization of MEA structure, material selection, and manufacturing process optimization have always been the focus of PEMFC research. In the development process of PEMFC, membrane electrode technology has undergone several generations of innovation, mainly divided into three types: GDE hot pressing method, CCM three in one membrane electrode, and ordered membrane electrode. 1. GDE Hot Pressed Film Electrode The first generation MEA preparation technology used a hot pressing method to compress the cathode and anode GDLs coated with CL on both sides of PEM to obtain MEA, known as the "GDE" structure. The preparation process of GDE type MEA is indeed relatively simple, thanks to the catalyst being uniformly coated on the GDL. This design not only facilitates the formation of pores in MEA, but also cleverly protects PEM from deformation. However, this process is not flawless. If the amount of catalyst coated on the GDL cannot be precisely controlled, the catalyst slurry may penetrate into the GDL, resulting in some catalysts not fully exerting their efficiency, and the utilization rate may even be as low as 20%, greatly increasing the manufacturing cost of MEA. Due to the inconsistency between the catalyst coating on GDL and the expansion system of PEM, the interface between the two is prone to delamination during long-term operation. This not only leads to an increase in internal contact resistance of fuel cells, but also greatly reduces the overall performance of MEA, far from reaching the ideal level. The preparation process of MEA based on GDE structure has been basically eliminated, and few people have paid attention to it. 2. CCM Three In One Membrane Electrode By using methods such as roll to roll direct coating, screen printing, and spray coating, a slurry composed of catalyst, Nafion, and appropriate dispersant is directly coated on both sides of the proton exchange membrane to obtain MEA. Compared with the GDE type MEA preparation method, the CCM type has better performance, is not easy to peel off, and reduces the transfer resistance between the catalyst layer and PEM, which is beneficial for improving the diffusion and movement of protons in protons. Catalyst layer, thereby promoting the catalytic layer and PEM. The contact and transfer of protons between them reduce the resistance of proton transfer, thereby greatly improving the performance of MEA. The research on MEA has shifted from GDE type to CCM type. In addition, due to the relatively low Pt loading of CCM type MEA, the overall cost of MEA is reduced and the utilization rate is greatly improved. The disadvantage of CCM type MEA is that it is prone to water flooding during the operation of fuel cells. The main reason is that there is no hydrophobic agent in the MEA catalytic layer, there are fewer gas channels, and the transmission resistance of gas and water is relatively high. Therefore, in order to reduce the transmission resistance of gas and water, the thickness of the catalyst layer is generally not greater than 10 μ m. Due to its excellent comprehensive performance, CCM type MEA has been commercialized in the field of automotive fuel cells. For example, Toyota Mirai, Honda Clarity, etc. The CCM type MEA developed by Wuhan University of Technology in China has been exported to Plug Power in the United States for use in fuel cell forklifts. The CCM type MEA developed by Dalian Xinyuan Power has been applied to trucks, with a platinum based precious metal loading capacity as low as 0.4mgPt/cm2. The power density reaches 0.96W/cm2. At the same time, companies and universities such as Kunshan Sunshine, Wuhan Himalaya, Suzhou Qingdong, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics are also developing high-performance CCM type MEAs. Foreign companies such as Komu, Gore 3. Ordered Membrane Electrode The catalytic layer of GDE type MEA and CCM type MEA is mixed with catalyst and electrolyte solution to form a catalyst slurry, which is then coated. The efficiency is very low and there is a significant polarization phenomenon, which is not conducive to the high current discharge of MEA. In addition, the platinum loading in MEA is relatively high. The development of high-performance, long-life, and low-cost MEAs has become a focus of attention. The Pt utilization rate of ordered MEA is very high, effectively reducing the cost of MEA, while achieving efficient transport of protons, electrons, gases, water and other substances, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of PEMFC. Ordered membrane electrodes include ordered membrane electrodes based on carbon nanotubes, ordered membrane electrodes based on catalyst thin films, and ordered membrane electrodes based on proton conductors. Carbon Nanotube Based Ordered Membrane Electrode The graphite lattice characteristics of carbon nanotubes are resistant to high potentials, and their interaction and elasticity with Pt particles enhance the catalytic activity of Pt particles. In the past decade or so, thin films based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) have been developed. Electrode. The vertical arrangement mechanism enhances the gas diffusion layer, drainage capacity, and Pt utilization efficiency. VACNT can be divided into two types: one is VACNT composed of curved and sparse carbon nanotubes; Another type is hollow carbon nanotubes composed of straight and dense carbon nanotubes. Ordered Membrane Electrode Based On Catalyst Thin Film The ordering of catalyst thin films mainly refers to Pt nano ordered structures, such as Pt nanotubes, Pt nanowires, etc. Among them, the representative of catalyst ordered membrane electrode is NSTF, a commercial product of 3M Company. Compared with traditional Pt/C catalysts, NSTF has four main characteristics: the catalyst carrier is an ordered organic whisker; Catalyst forms Pt based alloy thin film on whisker like organisms; There is no carbon carrier in the catalytic layer; The thickness of the NSTF catalyst layer is below 1um. Ordered Membrane Electrode Based On Proton Conductor The main function of proton conductor ordered membrane electrode is to introduce nanowire polymer materials to promote efficient proton transport in the catalytic layer. Yu and others. TiO2/Ti structures of TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) were prepared on titanium sheets, followed by annealing in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain H-TNTs. Pt Pd particles were prepared on the surface of H-TNTs using SnCl2 sensitization and displacement methods, resulting in a high-power density fuel cell. The Institute of Nuclear Science and the Department of Automotive Engineering at Tsinghua University have synthesized a novel ordered catalyst layer for the first time based on the fast proton conduction function of Nafion nanowires. It has the following characteristics: Nafion nanorods are grown in situ on proton exchange membranes, and the interface contact resistance is reduced to zero; Deposition of Pt particle catalytic layer on Nafion nanorods, with both catalytic and electron conducting functions; Nafion nanorods have fast proton conductivity. Ordered membrane electrodes are undoubtedly the main direction of next-generation membrane electrode preparation technology. While reducing the loading of platinum group elements, five aspects need to be further considered: ordered membrane electrodes are highly sensitive to impurities; Expand the working range of membrane electrodes through material optimization, characterization, and modeling; Introducing fast proton conductor nanostructures into the catalytic layer; Low cost mass production process development; In depth study of the interactions and synergistic effects between membrane electrode proton exchange membrane, electrocatalyst, and gas diffusion layer. https://www.ultrasonic-metalwelding.com/sale-52164561-anionic-proton-exchange-membrane-ultrasonic-spraying-100khz.html Advantages of Membrane Electrode Preparation Technology and Ultrasonic Spraying Method: (1) By optimizing parameters such as ultrasonic nozzle power and frequency, the atomized catalyst slurry can have small rebound and be less prone to overspray, thereby improving the utilization rate of the catalyst; (2) The ultrasonic vibration rod disperses the catalyst particles highly, and the ultrasonic dispersion injector has a secondary stirring effect on the catalyst slurry, greatly reducing the probability of platinum chemical pollution and reduced reaction activity area; (3) Easy to operate, highly automated, suitable for mass production of membrane electrodes.

Introduction to Ultrasonic Frequency: The frequency of ultrasound is the number of times it completes periodic changes per unit of time, and is a quantity that describes the frequency of periodic motion. It is commonly represented by the symbol f, with the unit being one second and the symbol s-1. In commemoration of the contribution of German physicist Hertz, the unit of frequency is named Hertz, abbreviated as "Hz", with the symbol Hz. Every object has a frequency determined by its own properties that is independent of amplitude, called the natural frequency. The concept of frequency is not only applied in mechanics and acoustics, but also commonly used in electromagnetics, optics, and radio technology. The time required for a particle in a medium to oscillate back and forth once at its equilibrium position is called a period, represented by T in seconds (s); The number of times a particle completes vibration within 1 second is called frequency, represented by f in cycles per second, also known as Hertz (Hz). The period and frequency are inversely proportional to each other, represented by the following equation: f=1/T The relationship between the wavelength (λ) and frequency of ultrasonic waves in a medium is: c=λ f In the formula, c is the speed of sound, m/s； λ is wavelength, m; f is frequency, Hz. From this, it can be seen that for a certain medium, the propagation speed of ultrasound is constant. The higher the frequency of ultrasound, the shorter the wavelength; conversely, the lower the frequency of ultrasound, the longer the wavelength. Introduction to Ultrasonic Power: The power of ultrasound refers to the amount of work done by an object per unit time, which is a physical quantity that describes the speed of work done. The amount of work is constant, and the shorter the time, the greater the power value. The formula for calculating power is: power=work/time. Power is a physical quantity that characterizes the speed of work done. The work done per unit of time is called power, represented by P. In the process of ultrasonic transmission, when ultrasonic waves are transmitted to a previously stationary medium, the medium particles vibrate back and forth near the equilibrium position, causing compression and expansion in the medium. It can be considered that ultrasound enables the medium to acquire vibrational kinetic energy and deformation potential energy. The acoustic energy obtained by the medium due to ultrasonic disturbance is the sum of vibrational kinetic energy and deformation potential energy. As ultrasound propagates in a medium, energy also propagates. If we take a small volume element (dV) in the acoustic field, let the original volume of the medium be Vo, the pressure be po, and the density be ρ 0. The volume element (dV) obtains kinetic energy △ Ek due to ultrasonic vibration; △ Ek=(ρ 0 Vo) u2/2 Δ Ek is kinetic energy, J; u is particle velocity, m/s； ρ 0 is the density of the medium, kg/m3； Vo is the original volume, m3. One important characteristic of ultrasound is its power, which is much stronger than ordinary sound waves. This is one of the important reasons why ultrasound can be widely used in many fields. When ultrasonic waves reach a certain medium, the molecules of the medium vibrate due to the action of ultrasonic waves, and their vibration frequency is the same as that of ultrasonic waves. The frequency of the vibration of the medium molecules determines the speed of the vibration, and the higher the frequency, the greater the speed. The energy obtained by a medium molecule due to vibration is not only related to the mass of the medium molecule, but also proportional to the square of the vibration velocity of the medium molecule. So, the higher the frequency of ultrasound, the higher the energy obtained by the medium molecules. The frequency of ultrasound is much higher than that of ordinary sound waves, so ultrasound can give medium molecules a lot of energy, while ordinary sound waves have little effect on medium molecules. In other words, ultrasound has much greater energy than sound waves and can provide sufficient energy to medium molecules. The difference in frequency and power of ultrasonic: The frequency and power of ultrasound are two key parameters for measuring its performance. Macroscopically, power determines the intensity and penetration ability of ultrasound, while frequency determines the penetration depth and resolution of ultrasound. The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, and the stronger the penetration, but the greater the power, the stronger the sound energy can be generated. In applications, ultrasound used in the medical field is mainly low-power and high-frequency, which can be used for ultrasound examination and treatment; The ultrasonic waves used in the industrial field are mainly high-power and high-frequency, which can be used for processing, cleaning, measurement, etc. The frequency and power of ultrasound are two key indicators of ultrasound performance. Choosing appropriate ultrasonic parameters can better meet application requirements.

Introduction to ultrasonic spraying system for perovskite cells: With the continuous development of technology, perovskite cells, as a new type of solar cell, have attracted increasing attention. As a new energy technology with great potential, perovskite cells have shown significant advantages in improving photoelectric conversion efficiency and reducing costs. Ultrasonic spraying, as a key technology in the manufacturing of perovskite cells, has also received increasing attention from researchers. Ultrasonic spraying is an advanced coating preparation technology, which utilizes the vibration energy of ultrasonic waves to atomize liquid coating materials into tiny particles, and uses airflow to spray these particles onto the surface of the substrate, forming a uniform and dense coating. Ultrasonic spraying technology has many advantages in the manufacturing process of perovskite batteries. It can achieve large-area and uniform coating preparation, improving the photoelectric performance and stability of the battery. Ultrasonic spraying technology has high production efficiency and reduces the manufacturing cost of perovskite cells. By adjusting the parameters of ultrasound, the thickness, particle size, and morphology of the coating can be controlled, thereby optimizing the optoelectronic performance of perovskite cells. In order to achieve efficient ultrasonic spraying, it is necessary to select suitable coating materials, optimize spraying process parameters, and design suitable spraying equipment. The selection of coating materials is crucial for the performance of perovskite cells. Researchers have screened perovskite materials with excellent optoelectronic properties through experiments and formed uniform perovskite films on the substrate surface using ultrasonic spraying technology. The optimization of spraying process parameters is the key to improving coating quality. By adjusting the frequency, amplitude, spraying distance, spraying speed and other parameters of ultrasonic waves, the best coating effect can be obtained. Designing suitable spraying equipment is also an important step in achieving efficient manufacturing of perovskite cells. We have developed an ultrasonic spraying equipment with advantages such as high efficiency, stability, and repeatability based on the manufacturing requirements of perovskite batteries. Principle of ultrasonic spraying system for perovskite battery: The principle of the ultrasonic spraying system for perovskite cells is to convert high-frequency sound waves into mechanical energy through piezoelectric transducers, and then transfer the mechanical energy to the liquid. This longitudinal upward and downward vibration generates standing waves in the liquid film at the top of the ultrasonic nozzle, where the amplitude of these ultrasonic waves can be controlled by a power generator. These stationary liquid waves can extend upwards from the top of the ultrasonic nozzle, and when the droplets leave the atomizing surface of the nozzle, they are decomposed into a uniform fine mist of micrometer or even nanometer sized droplets. Advantages of ultrasonic spraying system for perovskite batteries: 1. Ultrasonic spraying technology can achieve high-precision coating. In the manufacturing process of perovskite batteries, the quality and thickness of the coating are crucial for the performance of the battery. Ultrasonic spraying technology uses high-frequency vibration to refine and evenly spray the slurry onto the substrate, which can accurately control the thickness and uniformity of the coating, thereby ensuring the photoelectric performance of the battery. In addition, ultrasonic spraying technology can also achieve multi-layer coatings, which helps to further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite cells. 2. Ultrasonic spraying technology has efficient production capacity. Traditional coating methods such as scraper coating or spin coating have low efficiency and difficulty in ensuring coating uniformity when preparing large-area perovskite cells. In contrast, ultrasonic spraying technology can quickly complete large-area coatings in a short period of time, greatly improving production efficiency and reducing production costs. 3. Ultrasonic spraying technology helps to achieve the manufacturing of flexible perovskite cells. Flexible perovskite cells have the advantages of being flexible, lightweight, and portable, and are an important development direction for future solar cells. Traditional coating methods are difficult to meet the manufacturing requirements of flexible perovskite cells, while ultrasonic spraying technology can provide an effective solution for the manufacturing of flexible perovskite cells by achieving high-precision and uniform coatings on flexible substrates. 4. Ultrasonic spraying technology has the characteristics of environmental protection and safety. Compared with traditional coating methods, ultrasonic spraying technology does not require the use of a large amount of organic solvents, reducing environmental pollution. At the same time, due to its non-contact coating method, it avoids the substrate damage and pollution problems that traditional coating methods may cause, and improves production safety. 5. Ultrasonic spraying technology has significant advantages in the manufacturing of perovskite cells. By achieving high-precision and uniform coatings, improving production efficiency, meeting the manufacturing requirements of flexible perovskite cells, and ensuring environmental protection and safety, ultrasonic spraying technology provides strong support for the development of perovskite cells. With the continuous advancement of technology and the deepening of application research, the application of ultrasonic spraying technology in the manufacturing of perovskite cells will become more widespread and mature.

Introduction to Anionic Exchange Membrane AEM Ultrasonic Spraying Technology: Anionic Exchange Membrane AEM ultrasonic spraying technology is an advanced surface treatment technique that uses the vibration energy of ultrasound to uniformly spray paint in the form of small droplets on the surface of the workpiece, forming a uniform coating layer. Compared with traditional painting processes, anion membrane ultrasonic spraying technology has many advantages, such as uniform coating, strong adhesion, and high painting efficiency Principle of Anionic Exchange Membrane AEM ultrasonic spraying technology: The principle of Anionic Exchange Membrane AEM ultrasonic spraying technology is to use the vibration energy of ultrasonic waves to evenly spray the coating in the form of small droplets on the surface of the workpiece. The vibration energy of ultrasound is converted into high-frequency vibration through a transducer, causing the coating to be atomized into tiny droplets under the action of ultrasound. These droplets are then rapidly sprayed onto the surface of the workpiece by the spray gun. Form a uniform coating on the surface of the workpiece. Characteristics of Anionic Exchange Membrane AEM Ultrasonic Spraying Technology: 1. Uniform coating: Anionic membrane ultrasonic spraying technology can evenly spray the coating on the surface of the workpiece, forming a uniform layer of coating, avoiding the occurrence of stripes, spots and other phenomena during manual brushing or spraying.2. Strong adhesion: Due to the use of ultrasonic vibration energy in anion membrane ultrasonic spraying technology, the adhesion between the coating and the workpiece surface is tighter, and the adhesion is stronger, which can improve the durability and corrosion resistance of the coating.3. High coating efficiency: The anion membrane ultrasonic spraying technology adopts an efficient atomization device and automatic control system, which can achieve continuous operation, improve coating efficiency, and reduce manual operation time and labor costs.4. Low requirements for workpiece surface: Anionic membrane ultrasonic spraying technology is suitable for surfaces of various materials, such as metal, glass, ceramics, etc. For workpieces with uneven surfaces or minor defects, uniform coatings can also be obtained through this technology.5. Environmental protection and energy conservation: Anionic membrane ultrasonic spraying technology adopts low volatility coatings and closed operation methods, reducing the pollution of coatings to the environment and the harm to human health. At the same time, this technology can save coating usage, reduce energy consumption and production costs. Application of Anionic Membrane Ultrasonic Spraying Technology: Anion membrane ultrasonic spraying technology is widely used in various fields, such as automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, home appliance manufacturing, building decoration, etc. In the field of automobile manufacturing, this technology can be used for anti-corrosion and rust prevention treatment of automobile bodies and components, as well as exterior decoration; In the field of shipbuilding, this technology can be used for corrosion prevention and decoration in areas such as ship hulls and cabins; In the field of home appliance manufacturing, this technology can be used for exterior decoration and protection of household appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines; In the field of architectural decoration, this technology can be used for the decoration and protection of materials such as glass curtain walls and marble. Precautions for Anion Membrane Ultrasonic Spraying Technology: 1. Choose the appropriate coating: Select the appropriate coating based on the workpiece material and coating performance requirements, and ensure that the quality of the coating meets relevant standards and regulations.2. Control coating thickness: On the premise of meeting usage requirements, the coating thickness should be minimized as much as possible to reduce costs and minimize the impact on workpiece quality.3. Keep the working environment clean: During the process of anion membrane ultrasonic spraying, the working environment should be kept clean to avoid the influence of dust, impurities, etc. on the coating quality.4. Regular maintenance and upkeep: Regularly clean and maintain the ultrasonic spray gun to ensure its normal operation and effectiveness. Meanwhile, for workpieces stored for a long time, measures such as dust and moisture prevention should be taken to avoid affecting the quality of the coating.5. Pay attention to safe operation: During the process of anion membrane ultrasonic spraying, safety operating procedures should be followed to avoid accidents. Operators should wear protective equipment such as goggles and gloves to ensure personal safety